@charset "UTF-8";
@media(max-width:400px){.site-header .header-inner{gap:12px}.site-header .header-inner .brand{font-size:1.25rem}.site-header .header-inner .brand svg{width:24px;margin-right:8px}.site-header .header-inner .menu-toggle{gap:10px;padding-inline:10px}}
/* Measured vector illustrations: shared across tools, field notes and references. */
.project-illustration{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;overflow:visible;color:#16324b}.project-sketch{margin:0 0 27px;border:1px solid #cfdee7;background:#edf3f7;border-radius:7px;padding:14px 15px 10px}.sketch-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;font-size:.65rem;color:#536b7e}.sketch-heading>span:first-child{font-weight:650;color:#16324b}.sketch-heading>span:last-child{color:#087f83}.project-sketch .project-illustration{max-height:245px;margin:0 auto}.project-sketch figcaption,.reference-sketch figcaption{font-size:.62rem;line-height:1.6;color:#536b7e;margin:4px 0 0}.diagram-thumbnail{height:132px;margin:-10px -9px 22px;background:#edf3f7;border-radius:4px;overflow:hidden;display:grid;place-items:center}.diagram-thumbnail .project-illustration{width:215px;height:132px;max-width:100%}.guide-card .diagram-thumbnail{height:150px;margin:0 0 20px}.guide-card .diagram-thumbnail .project-illustration{height:150px;width:245px}.article-visual{margin-top:30px}.reference-sketch{max-width:760px;margin:0;background:#edf3f7;border:1px solid #cfdee7;border-radius:8px;padding:20px 30px 14px}.reference-sketch .project-illustration{max-height:315px;margin:auto}.reference-sketch figcaption{text-align:center}.sketch-error{min-height:230px;display:grid;place-items:center;text-align:center;font-size:.8rem;color:#536b7e;margin:0}.article-visual+.reading-layout{margin-top:40px}
@media(max-width:760px){.project-sketch{padding:12px 10px 10px}.project-sketch .project-illustration{max-height:220px}.diagram-thumbnail{height:112px;margin:-5px -4px 18px}.diagram-thumbnail .project-illustration{height:112px;width:185px}.reference-sketch{padding:14px 12px 10px}.reference-sketch .project-illustration{max-height:260px}.guide-card .diagram-thumbnail{height:155px}.guide-card .diagram-thumbnail .project-illustration{height:155px;width:255px}.sketch-error{min-height:185px}.sketch-heading{font-size:.6rem}}
@media print{.diagram-thumbnail{display:none!important}.project-sketch{max-width:430px;margin:10px auto 20px;break-inside:avoid;background:white!important}.project-sketch .project-illustration{max-height:180px}.reference-sketch{max-width:500px;background:white!important;break-inside:avoid}.reference-sketch .project-illustration{max-height:210px}.sketch-heading{font-size:8pt}.project-sketch figcaption,.reference-sketch figcaption{font-size:7pt}}
:root{--ink:#16324b;--teal:#087f83;--paper:#f6f8fa;--blue:#eaf0f5;--line:#d5dfe7;--muted:#536b7e;--yellow:#f5c65d;--radius:8px;--shadow:0 20px 60px #16324b0c}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:100px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:16px/1.65 "Segoe UI",Arial,sans-serif}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}button,input,select,textarea{font:inherit;color:inherit}button,a,input,select,textarea{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}a:focus-visible,button:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,textarea:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--teal);outline-offset:4px}button{cursor:pointer}button:disabled{cursor:not-allowed;opacity:.5}input,select,textarea{max-width:100%}button,input,select{min-height:44px}[hidden]{display:none!important}h1,h2,h3,p{margin:0 0 1rem}h1,h2,h3{line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.035em}h1{font-size:clamp(2.6rem,5.2vw,5.1rem);font-weight:650}h2{font-size:clamp(1.8rem,3.1vw,2.8rem);font-weight:650}h3{font-size:1.3rem;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:-.025em}h1 em{font-family:Georgia,serif;color:var(--teal);font-weight:400}small,.small{font-size:.82rem;line-height:1.55}.muted{color:var(--muted)}.wrap{max-width:1240px;margin-inline:auto;padding-inline:40px}.skip{position:fixed;left:20px;top:-80px;background:var(--ink);color:white;padding:12px;z-index:100}.skip:focus{top:10px}.site-header{background:#f6f8faf7;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;backdrop-filter:blur(12px)}.header-inner{height:88px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px}.brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;font-size:1.6rem;font-weight:750;letter-spacing:-.06em;line-height:1}.brand svg{width:30px;height:32px;margin-right:10px;color:var(--teal)}.brand-dot{color:var(--teal)}#primary-nav{display:flex;gap:32px;align-items:center;font-size:.88rem;font-weight:600}#primary-nav a{padding-block:12px}#primary-nav a:hover,#primary-nav a[aria-current]{color:var(--teal)}.nav-saved{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:28px}.menu-toggle{display:none}.preview-notice{text-align:center;background:var(--blue);padding:6px 20px;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.015em}.eyebrow{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.13em;font-size:.68rem;font-weight:750;line-height:1.5;color:var(--teal)}.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.02fr 1fr;gap:64px;align-items:center;padding-block:72px 76px}.hero-copy h1{margin-top:22px;font-size:clamp(3.3rem,5.5vw,5.25rem);line-height:1.015}.lead{font-size:1.06rem;line-height:1.75;color:var(--muted);max-width:680px}.hero-copy .lead{max-width:420px;margin-block:26px 30px}.mini-line{display:inline-block;width:25px;height:1px;background:var(--teal);vertical-align:middle;margin-right:12px}.actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}.button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;padding:14px 20px;border:1px solid var(--teal);border-radius:4px;background:var(--teal);color:white;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:650;min-height:50px;line-height:1.4;transition:background .18s,transform .18s}.button:hover{background:#086a6e;transform:translateY(-1px)}.button.secondary{color:var(--ink);background:transparent;border-color:var(--line)}.button.secondary:hover{background:var(--blue)}.hero-points{display:flex;gap:14px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.66rem;color:var(--muted);margin-top:30px}.hero-points span:before{content:'✓';color:var(--teal);margin-right:5px}.hero-board{border:1px solid #c7d6df;border-radius:12px;background:#edf2f6;box-shadow:var(--shadow);padding:25px 28px 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strong{display:block;font-size:2.3rem;line-height:1.3;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;letter-spacing:-.045em}.quick-answer small{font-size:.85rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0}.quick-answer a{display:grid;place-items:center;border:1px solid #c0d0da;width:44px;height:44px;border-radius:50%;font-size:1.2rem}.quick-answer a:hover{background:white}.board-foot{font-size:.61rem;color:var(--muted);margin:8px 0 0}.trust-band{background:var(--ink);color:#e6edf3}.trust-band .wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding-block:20px;gap:24px;font-size:.8rem}.trust-band b{color:#90d4ce;margin-right:14px;font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.05em}.section{padding-block:70px}.section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:end;margin-bottom:30px}.section-heading h2{max-width:700px;margin-bottom:0}.section-heading .eyebrow{margin-bottom:12px}.tool-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:16px}.tool-card{padding:27px 26px 25px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:6px;background:white;transition:border-color .18s,transform .18s;display:flex;flex-direction:column}.tool-card h3{margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:12px;line-height:1.3}.tool-card h3>span{float:right;font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;margin-left:10px}.tool-card p{font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);margin:0}.tool-card:hover{border-color:var(--teal);transform:translateY(-3px)}.text-link{font-size:.85rem;font-weight:650;color:var(--teal)}.text-link:hover{text-decoration:underline}.section-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:25px}.blue-section{background:var(--blue);border-block:1px solid var(--line)}.workflow{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:40px}.workflow a{border-top:1px solid #aebfcc;padding-top:18px;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--teal)}.workflow span{font-size:.68rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.09em}.workflow h3{color:var(--ink);margin-top:22px;font-size:1.55rem}.workflow p{font-size:.88rem;color:var(--muted);font-weight:400;min-height:87px;line-height:1.7}.guide-grid,.resource-strip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:28px}.guide-card{padding-top:20px;border-top:2px solid var(--ink)}.guide-card h3{font-size:1.45rem;margin-block:18px 12px;line-height:1.2}.guide-card p{font-size:.87rem;color:var(--muted)}.guide-card:hover h3{color:var(--teal)}.guide-card .text-link{display:inline-block;margin-top:8px}.method-note{margin-top:70px;padding-top:40px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:80px}.method-note h2{font-size:2rem}.method-note p{font-size:.95rem;color:var(--muted)}footer{margin-top:60px;padding-block:55px 0;background:var(--ink);color:#e2eaf0}footer .brand svg,footer .brand-dot{color:#9cdbd4}.footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr;gap:80px}.footer-grid p{font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.8;color:#bdcedb;margin-top:24px}.footer-grid small{display:block;max-width:310px;color:#9cb1c2;font-size:.7rem}.footer-grid h2{font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:4px 0 20px}.footer-grid>div>a:not(.brand){display:block;margin-block:8px;font-size:.8rem;color:#bdcedb}.footer-grid a:hover{color:white}.footer-bottom{margin-top:46px;border-top:1px solid #ffffff24;padding-block:20px;font-size:.65rem;color:#9cb1c2;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.breadcrumbs{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:.7rem;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:34px}.breadcrumbs a:hover{color:var(--teal);text-decoration:underline}.breadcrumbs [aria-current]{max-width:100%}.page-top{padding-block:38px 30px}.page-top h1{margin-block:16px 20px}.page-top+.section{padding-top:30px}.search-box{display:block;max-width:650px;margin-top:32px}.search-box>span{display:block;font-size:.8rem;font-weight:650;margin-bottom:8px}.search-box input{width:100%;border:1px solid #b7c8d5;background:white;padding:14px 18px;border-radius:4px}.search-box+p{font-size:.75rem;margin-top:8px}.category-pills{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-block:24px}.category-pills a{border:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 14px;border-radius:30px;font-size:.74rem;background:white}.category-pills a:hover{border-color:var(--teal);color:var(--teal)}.tool-top{padding-top:35px;margin-bottom:36px}.tool-top h1{font-size:clamp(2rem,4vw,3.6rem);max-width:900px}.tool-top .lead{max-width:800px}.calculator-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.2fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:28px;align-items:start}.calculator-input{background:white;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:26px}.panel-heading{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:20px;margin-bottom:23px}.panel-heading h2{font-size:1.3rem;margin:0}.units-control{font-size:.65rem;color:var(--muted);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}.units-control select{font-size:.72rem;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:5px;border-radius:4px;min-height:36px;background:var(--paper);max-width:150px}.form-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px 18px}.field label{font-weight:650;display:block;font-size:.77rem;line-height:1.4;min-height:23px;margin-bottom:6px}.field .unit{color:var(--muted);font-weight:400;font-size:.7rem;margin-left:4px;white-space:nowrap}.field input,.field select{width:100%;background:#f9fbfc;border:1px solid #bacbd6;border-radius:4px;font-size:1rem;padding:9px 12px;min-height:46px}.field small{display:block;color:var(--muted);font-size:.68rem;line-height:1.55;margin-top:6px}.field-group{margin-top:26px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:16px}.field-group summary{font-weight:650;font-size:.85rem;cursor:pointer;min-height:32px}.field-group .form-grid{margin-block:16px 4px}.text-button{background:none;border:0;padding:10px 0;color:var(--teal);font-size:.8rem;font-weight:650;text-align:left}.text-button:hover{text-decoration:underline}.mark-zero{padding-bottom:4px}.form-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:28px;padding-top:20px}.error{color:#a23223;font-size:.8rem;margin:10px 0 0}.error:empty{display:none}.result-panel{background:var(--ink);color:white;border-radius:8px;padding:30px;position:sticky;top:115px;box-shadow:var(--shadow)}.result-panel .eyebrow{color:#98dcd5}.result-primary{padding-block:12px 20px;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff30}.result-primary .result-value{display:block;font-size:clamp(2.5rem,4vw,3.8rem);line-height:1.15;font-weight:650;letter-spacing:-.05em;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.result-primary .result-unit{font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0;margin-left:6px;color:#bdd5e2}.result-label{font-size:.85rem;display:block;color:#c1d3df;margin-bottom:12px}.result-rows{margin:16px 0}.result-row{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px;border-bottom:1px solid #ffffff16;padding:10px 0;font-size:.78rem}.result-row dt{color:#bcd0de;line-height:1.5}.result-row dd{margin:0;white-space:nowrap;font-weight:600;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.result-notes{font-size:.72rem;line-height:1.7;color:#c1d3df;padding-left:16px;margin-block:20px}.result-notes li{margin-bottom:8px}.result-actions{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:8px;margin-top:20px}.result-actions button{border:1px solid #ffffff45;border-radius:4px;color:white;background:#ffffff08;padding:7px;font-size:.7rem}.result-actions button:hover{background:#ffffff19}.result-foot{font-size:.63rem;color:#a8bdcd;margin:18px 0 0;line-height:1.7}.result-panel .small{color:#a8ded9;margin-top:12px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.incomplete-badge{display:inline-block;font-size:.65rem;border:1px solid #edc46d70;color:#ffe3a0;padding:3px 8px;border-radius:3px;margin-top:12px}.result-diagram{filter:brightness(1.18);max-height:190px;margin:0}.share-fallback{display:block;font-size:.75rem}.share-fallback input{width:100%;font-size:.65rem;background:white;color:var(--ink);border:0;padding:6px}.reading-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,2fr) minmax(0,1fr);gap:80px;margin-top:65px}.prose{max-width:760px;line-height:1.85;font-size:.97rem}.prose h2{font-size:1.55rem;letter-spacing:-.025em;line-height:1.3;margin:35px 0 16px}.prose>h2:first-child{margin-top:0}.prose p{margin-bottom:20px;color:#3e586d}.prose a{color:var(--teal);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#087f8350;text-underline-offset:3px}.prose a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--teal)}.prose ul{padding-left:22px}.prose li{margin-bottom:12px}.prose .formula{background:var(--blue);border-left:3px solid var(--teal);padding:22px;font-size:.95rem}.sources{font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.6}.sources li{margin-bottom:10px}.related-sidebar{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:22px;align-self:start}.related-sidebar h2{font-size:1.1rem;margin:14px 0}.related-sidebar>a{display:block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px 0;font-size:.8rem;line-height:1.5;color:var(--teal)}.article-top{padding-top:35px;max-width:1240px}.article-top h1{font-size:clamp(2.2rem,4.2vw,3.8rem);max-width:940px;margin-block:14px 22px}.article-top .lead{max-width:850px}.byline{color:var(--muted);font-size:.72rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:inline-block;padding-top:15px;margin-top:16px}.article-top+.reading-layout{margin-top:40px}.contents{border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding:20px 0;margin-bottom:35px}.contents h2{font-size:.72rem;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.08em;margin:0 0 10px}.contents a{display:block;font-size:.82rem;padding:5px 0;text-decoration:none}.legal-content{max-width:850px;padding-top:32px}.resource-grid{margin-top:40px}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;margin-block:20px}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:.82rem;text-align:left;line-height:1.5;background:white}caption{text-align:left;font-size:.72rem;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:12px}th,td{padding:13px 12px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}thead{background:var(--blue)}tbody th{font-weight:600}td a{white-space:nowrap}.glossary{margin:28px 0}.glossary>div{padding:20px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.glossary dt{font-size:1.15rem;font-weight:650;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:9px}.glossary dd{margin:0;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--muted)}.glossary dd a{display:block;font-size:.78rem;margin-top:8px}.check-item{display:flex;align-items:start;gap:15px;padding:21px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.check-item 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.hero-copy h1 .hero-kicker{display:block;margin:0 0 22px;font-family:inherit;font-style:normal}
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.contact-form{margin-bottom:34px}.contact-form textarea{width:100%;background:#f9fbfc;border:1px solid #bacbd6;border-radius:4px;font-size:1rem;padding:10px 12px;min-height:160px;resize:vertical}.contact-form .cf-turnstile{margin-block:18px 6px}.contact-form .form-grid{margin-bottom:6px}.hp-field{position:absolute;left:-10000px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}